Vak\u0131fBank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (VBKY),\u00a0Rudi Matthee\u2019nin\u00a0kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSafevilerin Gerilemesi ve Isfahan\u2019\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201d\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 okurlarla bulu\u015fturuyor. Bu kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00a0Safevi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc basit bir yozla\u015fma anlat\u0131s\u0131na indirgemeden, devlet, toplum, ekonomi ve asker\u00ee yap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel k\u00f6kleri olan gerilimler \u00fczerinden yeniden kurguluyor. B\u00f6ylece yaln\u0131zca Safevi hanedan\u0131n\u0131n sonunu de\u011fil, \u0130ran tarihinin m\u00fcteakip iki asr\u0131n\u0131 belirleyecek krizler d\u00f6neminin k\u00f6kenlerini anlamak i\u00e7in de bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunuyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Vak\u0131fBank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (VBKY) tarih kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Rudi Matthee\u2019nin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Aykut Mustak\u2019\u0131n dilimize \u00e7evirdi\u011fi \u201cSafevilerin Gerilemesi ve Isfahan\u2019\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201d ile geni\u015flemeye devam ediyor. Tarih\u00e7iler, Safevi \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun gerileme ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, imparatorlu\u011fun son asr\u0131ndaki siyas\u00ee durgunluk, saraydaki yozla\u015fma ve ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmenin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonucu olarak de\u011ferlendiriyor. Rudi Matthee ise bu yerle\u015fik anlat\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ona g\u00f6re Safevilerin gerilemesi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, do\u011frusal bir hik\u00e2yeden ziyade; co\u011frafi k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar, a\u015firet yap\u0131lar\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ekonomik imk\u00e2nlar, saray siyaseti, ta\u015fra g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve asker\u00ee-mali tercihler aras\u0131ndaki hassas dengelerin bir kriz an\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak \u015fekilleniyor. Safevi d\u00fczeni, merkez\u00ee ve yekpare bir yap\u0131dan \u00e7ok, s\u00fcrekli m\u00fczakere edilen k\u0131r\u0131lgan ittifaklar a\u011f\u0131 olarak varl\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Bu a\u011f, on yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru siyasal birli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme kapasitesini kaybediyor ve imparatorluk par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Saray\u0131na kapanan ve giderek ta\u015fradan kopan \u015fah; merkez ile eyaletler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131, ordunun ihmal edilmesi, k\u0131sa vadeli para politikalar\u0131, hizip\u00e7ilik ve yolsuzluk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etkisiz kalan y\u00f6netimle birlikte, mevcut yap\u0131sal sorunlar\u0131n daha da derinle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Safevi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 ve Afgan bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunamayacak kadar zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f bir asker\u00ee yap\u0131 ile krizi y\u00f6netmekte zorlanan bir merkez\u00ee idare aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kal\u0131yor. Afgan kabilelerinin 1722\u2019de Isfahan\u2019a girmesi ise bu uzun birikimin dramatik sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u201cSafevilerin Gerilemesi ve Isfahan\u2019\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201d, Safevi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc basit bir yozla\u015fma anlat\u0131s\u0131na indirgemeden, devlet, toplum, ekonomi ve asker\u00ee yap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel k\u00f6klere sahip gerilimler \u00fczerinden yeniden ele al\u0131yor. Kitap, b\u00f6ylece yaln\u0131zca Safevi hanedan\u0131n\u0131n sonunu de\u011fil, \u0130ran tarihinin sonraki iki asr\u0131n\u0131 belirleyecek krizler d\u00f6neminin k\u00f6kenlerini anlamak i\u00e7in de kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunuyor.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Kitaptan:<\/p>\n
\u201cBu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Safevilerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn nedenlerine dair geleneksel tarih yaz\u0131\u00adn\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011feler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcrel f\u0131rsatlardan yararlanmak i\u00e7in Avrupa devletleri ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ranl\u0131lardan daha donan\u0131ml\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r etmek olanaks\u0131z. Son Safevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ve basiret timsali olmad\u0131klar\u0131\u00adna ya da tepedeki mollalar\u0131n artan dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcl\u00fck ve ba\u011fnazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n et\u00adnik ve din\u00ee dokusunda y\u0131rt\u0131lmalara veya s\u00f6k\u00fclmelere neden oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Ancak ister Afgan veya Osmanl\u0131 ister Avrupal\u0131 olsun, bu yay\u0131n Safevi Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin oyunlar\u0131na ba\u011flanabilece\u011fi fikrini reddediyor. \u201cUlusal\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00e2liyle bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda ilkini \u201cyabanc\u0131\u201ddan saymak pek g\u00fc\u00e7. G\u0131lzey Afganlar\u0131 Safevi Devleti\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kal\u0131yordu elbette. Isfahan\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zetimindeki diyar\u0131n \u00e7eperinde, merkezle hara\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi d\u00e2hilinde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Milletin \u015fehirli, Fars\u00e7a konu\u015fan, On \u0130ki \u0130mam \u015eiili\u011fine inanan kesimleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm n\u00fcfusu yabanc\u0131 saymayacaksak Afganlar da yabanc\u0131 say\u0131lmazd\u0131. \u00dcstelik \u0130ran\u2019a h\u00fccumlar\u0131 bana g\u00f6re \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir neden olmaktan \u00e7ok sonu\u00e7 idi. Sa\u00adfeviler devrinde \u0130ran\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Avrupal\u0131lara gelince onlar\u0131, yani Porte\u00adkiz, Felemenkler ve \u0130ngilizleri 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcmessilleriyle bir \u00e7uvala sokmak safi yanl\u0131\u015f. 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda hi\u00e7bir Avrupa \u00fclkesinin \u0130ran\u2019da toprak talebi bu\u00adlunmuyordu. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p ya\u015fayan Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczinelerle hesap edilecek kadar azd\u0131. Arkalar\u0131nda asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Avrupal\u0131 diplomat, t\u00fcccar ve misyonerler \u015fah\u0131n h\u00fcsn\u00fckabul\u00fcyle Safevi diyar\u0131nda i\u015flerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. G\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131p kapay\u0131ncaya \u00fclkeden kap\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 edilebilirlerdi. Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n en celallisi sa\u00ady\u0131labilecek Portekizliler bile, Safeviler Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ni topraklar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00admedi\u011finden, yaln\u0131z H\u00fcrm\u00fcz\u2019\u00fc i\u015fgal edip denetimlerinde tutabiliyorlard\u0131. Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan beri Basra K\u00f6rfezi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda hak iddia eden ilk \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olan \u015eah Abbas, \u0130ngilizlerin denizden yard\u0131m\u0131yla Portekizliler\u2019i 1622\u2019de zor kullanarak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Son olarak, yabanc\u0131 tacirlerin \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 talan etmeyip \u00fclkenin uluslararas\u0131 ticari rol\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131rmas\u0131na yard\u0131m ederek, se\u00e7kinlerin t\u00fcketti\u011fi bir\u00e7ok metay\u0131 ithal ederek \u0130ran\u2019da bolluk yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Yazar Hakk\u0131nda;\u00a0<\/p>\n
University of Delaware\u2019da John and Dorothy Munroe Distinguished Professor of History unvan\u0131yla g\u00f6rev yapmakta ve Orta Do\u011fu tarihi dersleri vermektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle erken modern \u0130ran, Safeviler ve Basra K\u00f6rfezi tarihi \u00fczerinedir. Safevi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131nda ticaret, iktisat, siyaset, g\u00fcndelik hayat ve imparatorluk krizleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla sahan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen tarih\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca eserleri aras\u0131nda The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600\u20131730\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Safevi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131nda ipek ticaretinin kamu maliyesi, d\u0131\u015f ticaret ve siyasal yap\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisini inceler. The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500\u20131900\u00a0ise \u0130ran tarihinde keyif verici maddeler, t\u00fcketim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve toplumsal pratikler \u00fczerine \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Matthee ayr\u0131ca The Safavid World\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 derlemenin edit\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Safevi ve Ka\u00e7ar \u0130ran\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da makale yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Association for the Study of Persianate Societies\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7e\u015fitli uluslararas\u0131 kitap \u00f6d\u00fclleri kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00dcNYE<\/p>\n
Yay\u0131nevi: VBKY<\/p>\n
Kategori: Tarih<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131:\u00a0Safevilerin Gerilemesi ve Isfahan\u2019\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n
Yazar: Rudi Matthee<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Aykut Mustak<\/p>\n
Proje Edit\u00f6r\u00fc: Dr. Mehmet Y\u0131lmaz Akbulut<\/p>\n
Kapak G\u00f6rseli ve Sayfa Uygulama: Faruk \u00d6zcan<\/p>\n
Son Okuma: Mehmet Selim Temel<\/p>\n
Sayfa say\u0131s\u0131: 376<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n
Kaynak: (BYZHA) Beyaz Haber Ajans\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vak\u0131fBank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (VBKY),\u00a0Rudi Matthee\u2019nin\u00a0kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cSafevilerin Gerilemesi ve Isfahan\u2019\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201d\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 okurlarla bulu\u015fturuyor. Bu kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u00a0Safevi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc basit bir yozla\u015fma anlat\u0131s\u0131na indirgemeden, devlet, toplum, ekonomi ve asker\u00ee yap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel k\u00f6kleri olan gerilimler \u00fczerinden\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[307],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat"],"yoast_head":"\n